
Iconic Image of the Bearded Lady
In August of 2009 I started a new Masters program in Psychology with an emphasis on Marriage, Family Therapy. To say that transitioning from a Masters program in Sexuality Studies to Psychology has been different is like saying sharks and the fish currently in my living room losing scales is different. Recently I came across a class meeting that really irked me. I mean, really irked me. I was a bit stunned mixed with livid. We were discussing gender in terms of adolescent development and someone raised their hand and brought up a long-winded and meaningless story about a “hermaphrodite” they once knew. I immediately said out loud, “you mean intersex,” but no one paid attention. The professor then went on to explain that “hermaphrodites” are fascinating in terms of gender and society, mind you, not correcting the use of that term. I raised my hand and said, “People who happen to be intersex are often met with discrimination, you’re right.” I was trying to go for the more subtle approach in correcting my professor. This was glossed over. The professor then said, “do you know what occupation a lot of hermaphrodites end up in? do you? The circus. Yeah, that’s right, the circus. I don’t remember the statistics but its something like 50% of them. It’s because thats the only place they aren’t met with discrimination.” The students nodded and wrote this down.
After a bit of grumbling and gasping I explained that this was totally untrue and that she was confusing people who are intersex with the guy who wears a half gown and half tuxedo (who’s just a performer, by the way) and stated that “hermaphrodite” is really the wrong terminology to use. But I felt like I didn’t explain enough. In all honesty, I was too amazed by the absurdity of it all to battle this out right away. This is something I’d like to get better at. Below is the letter I wrote to my professor explaining why what she had said in class was incredibly incorrect and continues the discrimination against people who happen to be intersex. Thanks to this email, the professor spent the first 15-20 minutes of the next class apologizing to the students for what she had said. She then went on to give an explanation as to why she was wrong, and a history on discrimination towards these people. Please enjoy my letter and comment below if you feel like I said anything in error or left something important out.
Keep in mind, I had decided that the best way for me to approach this letter was to acknowledge that she was not trying to be malicious when she said these things in class, but to inform her that what she said was not helping in the slightest.
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Hello Dr. [name removed],
I have truly been enjoying our class and the reading, however I wanted to send you a note after our class on Monday wherein you referred to intersex individuals as “hermaphrodites” and stated that 50% of these individuals end up working in the circus because this was the only place they could find work. As someone who recently finished his Masters degree in Sexuality Studies and works for the rights of others in sexual minorities, I want to say that I appreciate your intention to express the discrimination that intersex individuals are met with. However, I wanted to bring up a few points that I felt needed to be addressed.
While the term “hermaphrodite” was generally accepted in academia and the medical community for quite some time, it is an inaccurate term that is entirely offensive (and I want to make it absolutely clear that in no way did I believe you were trying to be offensive). Hermaphrodite is a mythological term for someone who has both male and female sex organs, which is physically impossible. Intersex refers to the ambiguity not only of genitals but also regarding internal genitalia, sex chromosomes and hormones. Disorders of Sex Development (DSD) is currently the most accepted terminology in the medical community, but “disorder” is never a nice word. We often want to avoid labeling someone as one thing, which then ignores the full embodiment of this persons life and personality. The organization Intersex Society of North America offers a great FAQ section wherein they address the difference between hermaphrodite and intersex.
Also, you claimed that 50% of individuals who are intersex work in the circus, as a form of last resort employment. While I understand where you were coming from in this statement, that individuals who happen to be intersex are discriminated against and persecuted to the point where they are left to profit off of their disorder. However, a majority of individuals who are intersex rarely look different from someone who is not intersex. They may exhibit some androgynous qualities, but the circus statement conjures up images of the bearded woman. Why I bring this up is I am concerned as to how the students took in this information. I am afraid that they will continue to view intersex individuals as just being bearded women, without understanding the intricacies of this disorder. I fear that if they have a client who outs themself as intersex their first reaction will be, “a hermaphrodite?! How’d you get out of the circus?!”
Furthermore, the true tragedy of intersex is not the disorder itself, but how these individuals are treated by medical professionals. Many of these people are treated like a freak show by doctors, surgeons and researchers where they are subjected to invasive, traumatic genital surgeries and photo documentation.
The wonderful thing about academia and science is that it is constantly evolving, and hopefully in a way that benefits individuals, rather than continuing to hurt them. The term “hermaphrodite” changing to intersex, is a great example of this evolution. Not only does it open the doors towards acceptance, reducing the impact of “othering,” it also creates a discussion in the medical community on how best to treat such individuals. Treatment, which should not immediately (if at all) include sex reassignment surgery and hormone therapy before puberty. For this type of treatment is largely based on fitting individuals into a binary of male or female rather than accepting (as many other cultures have) that gender identity can be fluid and ever-changing.
Once again, I want to be very clear that in no way did I think you were intentionally trying to be dismissive of intersex individuals, I rather appreciate your intention to even bring up this topic in the discussion of gender. Bringing up intersex individuals opens a pandoras box of sorts that leads to a never ending debate involving what aspects of gender are socially constructed, how the binary of male and female is not good enough (See Anne Fausto-Sterling’s book “Sexing the Body“), medicalization of bodies (Foucault) and so on.
I truly wanted to use this as an opportunity to create a discussion around gender, sexuality, medicalization of bodies, etc. Below are some resources that you may find interesting:
Intersex Society of North America
Cheryl Chase, creator of ISNA
Accord Alliance
Thank you again for taking the time to read this and making me feel comfortable enough to approach you with this email.
All the best,
David Khalili